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Alcoholism – Comprehensive Overview, treatments, complementary and alternative therapies
General
In this Concerning the body, alcohol is a poison. Some effects of chronic alcohol include brain damage (women may be more vulnerable Chronic consumption of alcohol), liver, pancreas, duodenum and the central nervous system. The alcohol causes metabolic damage each cell of the body and depresses the immune system. Power years before the consequences of excessive drinking become evident, but if a alcoholic continues drinking, its life can be reduced from ten to fifteen years or more.
Alcohol is degraded in the liver. Repeated use Alcohol inhibits the production of liver enzymes, which deplete the body's ability to absorb proteins, fats and fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D, E and K) acid and B vitamins (especially thiamine and folic acid) and other water soluble vitamins. Many essential nutrients are not retained for used by the body, but were quickly eliminated in the urine. The toxic effect of alcohol on the liver is very serious. Firstly, a Excess fat accumulates in the liver, the result of the effect of alcohol on the body's ability to properly digest fats. Then, alcohol can develop hepatitis, a condition in which liver cells become inflamed and may die. The final stage usually fatal, injury liver cirrhosis was alcoholic liver disease characterized by inflammation, hardening, and healing Liver This prevents the normal passage of blood through the liver, by inhibiting the body's ability to filter toxins and foreign substances.
The liver is one of the most solid organs of the body. It is the only body that has the capacity to regenerate after certain types of damages. Up to 25 per cent of the liver can be eliminated, and in a short period of time, pushing its original shape and size. Continually abuse, but if used correctly, the function is more than sufficient for decades. Alcohol is a toxin that the liver can not handle, and others. The liver can not regenerate after being severely damaged by alcohol.
There are many other health consequences of alcohol too. Alcoholics often have damage to their peripheral nervous system. This damage can manifest itself first as a loss of sensation in hands or feet, with difficulty accompaniment to walking. Chronic drinking also causes inflammation of the pancreas. In fact, it hinders the ability of the body to digest fats and other nutrients, and can lead to diabetes.
Alcoholics face a risk of cancer of the mouth and throat due to toxicity Direct alcohol. They may also undergo blood pressure, reduced production of testosterone, a dilation of blood vessels visible just below the surface of the skin, and enlargement of heart disease that can lead to congestive heart failure.
The social consequences of Alcohol May also be very destructive. Alcohol abuse represents an enormous cost to society through the traffic and other accidents, poor work performance and emotional damage to entire families.
Alcohol and pregnancy
Consumption of alcohol during pregnancy is particularly dangerous. The consumption of alcohol during pregnancy can cause birth defects and increases the likelihood of miscarriage. Alcohol passes through the placenta from the maternal and fetal circulation. This substance toxic to the central nervous system fetus. In addition, fetal liver should try to metabolize alcohol, but from the liver of the fetus is not fully developed, Alcohol remains in the fetal circulation. Women who drink during pregnancy generally give birth to babies with low birthweight birth. Their growth can be slowed or stunted, their brains may be smaller normal, and may have mental retardation. Members, joints, fingers and facial features may be distorted. Defects in heart and kidneys may occur. Some children exposed to alcohol in utero to Hyperactivity in adolescence and have learning disabilities. Each drink consumed by pregnant women increases the risk of your Children born with fetal alcohol syndrome, and also increases your chances of miscarriage. Even moderate amounts of alcohol can be harmful, especially in the first three or four months of pregnancy.
Signs and symptoms
Alcoholism is often accompanied by the signs and symptoms. Symptoms vary depending on the amount of alcohol taken and how long he has been mistreated.
- Need Alcohol
- Inability to monitor consumer habits
- Withdrawal symptoms such as nausea, sweating, tremors, and anxiety, when alcohol use is stopped after a period of excessive alcohol consumption
- Tolerance (the need for increasing amounts of alcohol to feel its effects)
- Psychological, social, occupational dysfunction
- The malnutrition, anorexia
- Cardiovascular symptoms (leading cause of death)
- Increased levels of cancer (second cause of death)
- Repeated infections, eg tuberculosis tract, urinary tract infections
- Lung disease complicated by, smoking, for example, respiratory failure, pneumonia
- The nervous system unsteady gait or posture, cognitive, demonstrations of psychiatric disorders (eg, mood, anxiety, psychotic disorders), dizziness, coma, sleeping disorders
- Diarrhea, vomiting
- Gastrointestinal bleeding
- Man Plus libido, decreased ability to maintain an erection
- Women of extinction a miscarriage, menstruation
- Inflammation of the pancreas
- Hepatitis (liver disease)
- Poor wound healing
- The accumulation of fluid in the body
- Glands, muscle pain, paralysis, loss of reflexes
- Increased bone fractures
- Hypoglycemia (blood sugar)
- Hypothermia (body temperature)
Drink moderation
Chronic alcoholism is caused by excessive consumption of alcohol.
Moderate consumption is probably best defined as the consumption level that represents a low risk of problems related to alcohol for both the drinker and others. It is difficult to give a quantitative definition of moderate consumption of alcohol, because alcohol can be different in different individuals.
The Center for Addiction and Mental Health Ontario and the Canadian Center on Substance Abuse defines moderation, or "risk drinker lines under Guidelines "as follows:" Healthy adults who choose to drink alcohol should limit their intake to 2 or fewer standard drinks per day with consumption not exceeding 14 standard drinks per week for men and 9 standard drinks per week for women.
Who is most at risk?
People with the following conditions or characteristics are at higher risk than average to develop alcoholism.
- Genetically predisposed
- Pre-existing psychiatric disorder
- He started drinking at an early age
- Stress
What's waiting in the doctor's office for
If you or someone you care for is experiencing symptoms associated with alcoholism, you should consult a provider of health care. He or she can help make a diagnosis and help determine what treatment or a combination of therapies, including alternative therapies more efficient.
Your doctor will perform a history and physical examination looking for specific organ damage or trauma and to evaluate if your muscles are tender or weak. Laboratory tests reveal indicators of alcoholism, such as blood alcohol level. Technical image can be used to diagnose disorders related to alcohol.
Treatment Options
– P REVENTION
The type of treatment depends on the severity your alcoholism and the resources available, and should seek medical issues and rehabilitation. Treatments can be provided in a hospital, an institution treatment facility or on an outpatient basis.
- Treatment Plan
To understand the process and make decisions appropriate treatment, it is useful to have an overview. Treatment is often regarded as four general steps:
- Getting Started (evaluation and assessment of disease symptoms and life problems accompanying the treatment options and develop a plan)
- Detoxification (never used)
- Active (treatment or residential treatment, therapeutic communities, treatment and regular intensive outpatient drugs to help will discourage alcohol consumption and alcohol, medications to treat concomitant psychiatric diseases, 12-step programs, self-help and mutual aid groups)
- Maintaining sobriety and relapse prevention (outpatient treatment, if necessary, program 12-step self-help and mutual aid groups)
Promising types of counseling and complementary and alternative medicine to teach people how to identify situations and feelings that trigger your urge to drink and to find new ways to cope without assistance include the use of alcohol. In addition, because of the involvement of family members is important for recovery, Many programs also offer couples therapy and family therapy in the treatment process. Some programs have also helped people to community resources such as legal assistance, job training, child care and parenting classes.
Here 12 questions be considered when selecting an alcohol or drug abuse or rehabilitation program, according to the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (U.S.):
1. Does the program accept your insurance? Otherwise, they will work with you on a payment plan or find other means of support for yourself?2. The program is managed by licensed accredited and / or trained professionals?
3. Is it clean, organized and well run?
4. "The program covers the full range of mental health needs of the individual (medical: infectious diseases, psychological: including co-production, social, professional, legal, etc.)?
5. Does the treatment program also address sexual orientation and disability physical as well as provide age, gender and treatment services culturally appropriate?
6. There is support for long term aftercare and / or guidance encouraged, provided and maintained?
7. Is there ongoing assessment of treatment plan for a person to ensure it meets changing needs?
8. Does the program employ strategies to recruit and retain people with a long-term treatment, increasing the likelihood of success?
9. Does the program offer counseling (individual or group) and other behavioral therapies to enhance capacity of the individual to function in family or community?
10. Does the drug supply program in the treatment regimen, if any?
11. Is there ongoing monitoring of possible relapse to help guide patients Back to abstinence?
12. Services are offered or references to family members to ensure they understand addiction and recovery process to help support the restoration of the person?
- Bets
Reinstatement alcoholism is an ongoing process. In fact, people who have suffered from alcoholism are encouraged to refer to themselves as long as "A recovering alcoholic, never," a former alcoholic. This is because most researchers believe that, given the potential for alcoholism remains part of the individual biological and psychological, can never recover from alcoholism. The risk of relapse (return of illness) is always there, and must be recognized and respected. Statistics indicate that among alcoholics middle class in a stable financial situation and family who have undergone treatment 60% or more can be successful in an attempt to stop drinking at least one year and many for life.
– Drug Therapies
Your doctor may prescribe the following medications.• tranquilizers called benzodiazepines that used during the first days of treatment to help patients withdraw from alcohol
• antipsychotic drugs for people who do not respond to benzodiazepines
• Naltrexone, a drug recently approved to help people stay sober. When used in conjunction with the consultation, medication may reduce the need for alcohol and help prevent a return to drinking.
• Disulfiram, an old drug, which discourages drinking, cause nausea, vomiting and other unpleasant physical reactions when alcohol is used
Medications for damage to specific organs or symptoms associated with alcohol withdrawal.
- Complementary and Alternative Therapies
A comprehensive treatment plan alcohol can include a wide range of complementary and alternative therapies.
- (Nutrition Western Medicine)
A good balanced diet and nutritionally adequate help stabilize alcohol induced fluctuations in blood sugar and reduce cravings. Follow these tips may help reduce symptoms.
• Eliminate simple sugars.
• Increase complex carbohydrates (whenever possible, replace grains, cereals and sugars with minimally processed grain products integers).
• Get enough protein. (If you eat meat, drive himself to the leanest cuts. If you love dairy products, skim milk or diet low in fat are healthier. Beans, soy, nuts and whole grains provide protein without much fat saturated fiber and healthy high-and micronutrients).
• Increase essential fatty acids (essential fatty acids – two fatty acids polyunsaturated [PUFA], which can be done in the body are linoleic acid [omega-6 family - for example, safflower, sunflower, corn, soybeans, evening primrose, pumpkin, wheat germ] and alpha-linolenic [Omega-3 family acid - for example, linseed (flaxseed), rapeseed (canola) soybeans]. Should be provided through diet and we know that essential fatty acids. In the body of the two can be converted into other fatty acids Polyunsaturated as arachidonic acid, or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). PUFA in the body are important to maintain the membranes of all cells for the production of prostaglandins which regulate many body processes, including inflammation and coagulation Blood. Another requirement for fat in the diet is to allow fat soluble vitamins A, D, E and K to be absorbed by food, and regulation of cholesterol metabolism in the body.)
• Reduce saturated fats and fried foods (saturated fat — Usually derived from animal origin such as lard, tallow and lard. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids are not necessary in the diet, because it can be done in the human body).
• Avoid caffeine.
Potentially beneficial nutrient supplements are following.
• Vitamin B1 (50 to 100 mg per day – alcoholics are deficient in B vitamins, including B1)
• Vitamin B2 (50 mg per day), B3 (25 mg), B5 (100 mg per day – helps the body detoxify alcohol. Needed to deal with stress), B6 (50 to 100 mg day), vitamin B12 (100 to 1000 mg per day)
• Vitamin C with bioflavonoids (from 3000 to 10,500 mg daily in divided doses -)
• Vitamin E (400 IU per day) to protect the heart
• Calcium (2000 mg daily at bedtime), an essential mineral, which has a sedative effect
• Magnesium (250 – 1000 mg) to reduce withdrawal symptoms
• Selenium (200 mcg per day) to protect the liver
• Zinc (15 mg daily) for metabolism using
• Amino acids: carnitine (500 mg twice daily) to protect the liver, glutamine (1 g per day) to lessen the desire, glutathione (300 mg daily) to protect the liver and heart
• Multienzyme complex (as indicated on the label. take with meals – to help digestion), and proteolytic enzymes – As stated on the label. Take between meals – Essential for the assimilation of proteins. Caution: Do not give these supplements to a child).
• Chromium (250 to 500 mcg twice a day) helps reduce cravings for sugar and reducing sugar alcohol-related cravings blood.
– Herbs
Herbs are generally available as dried extracts (pills, capsules or tablets), teas or infusions or tinctures (alcohol extraction, unless otherwise indicated). The dosage is 1 teaspoon per cup of water steeped for 10 minutes (roots need 20 minutes). Herb extracts made with alcohol should be avoided in alcoholics. Herbs for traditional Chinese medicine, the dose is prescribed by traditional Chinese medicine doctor or herbalist.
– Western Herbs
Use certain remedies herbal Western may offer relief of symptoms.
• Milk thistle (Silybum): 80 to 200 mg three times daily Marianum, to support the liver,
• Oil of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis): 1000 mg 3 times daily with meals. Used successfully in Europe, this supplement is a good source of essential fatty acids.
• Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale): 2 to 8 grams of root three times a day in tea or 5 ml three times daily leaf tincture helps detoxify the liver. Works well with milk.
• Skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora): use history of hysteria, stress and nervous disorders, including anxiety, a cup of tea before bed may help with insomnia.
• The root of valerian (Valeriana officinalis) has a calming effect. It is best taken before bedtime.
• desiccated liver capsules (500 mg three times a day) helps heal the liver tissue.
- Herbs Food and Traditional Medicine
Diet Plan for the Garden of Eden: In the book of Genesis, the first chapter, verse 29, God tells man what to eat: "Look, I have given you every herb bearing seed which is on the opposite face of the earth and every tree bearing fruit whose seeds are for meat.
Some cooling foods for detoxification are commonly prescribed by (TCM) in the treatment of alcoholism: tofu, mung bean sprouts, mung beans, Wheatgerm fresh lettuce, bananas, sugar cane juice, sugar or powdered sugar cane, pears and spinach. Eat spoonfuls of honey, to ad nauseam during a hangover reduces the desire for more alcohol. Soups are useful and are a good way to tofu, mung beans, lettuce romaine and spinach in the diet.
Kudzu or Ge Gen (also known as Pueraria lobata) is one of the earliest medicinal plants used Traditional Chinese Medicine. Researchers at the Center for Biochemical and Biophysical Sciences and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA has many actions and deep antidipsotropic including pharmacological (anti-abuse) alcohol activity. Although the roots and flowers of Kudzu (Ge Gen), Pueraria Radix and Flos, respectively, were used to treat alcohol abuse safely and effectively in China for over a millennium (reduce cravings).
American ginseng herbs, Mandarin Xi Yang Shen (Panax quinquefolium) is valued in Asia for the treatment of alcoholism and may be used in combination with goldenseal or formulas chaparral. In cases of extreme weakness, American ginseng is indicated in the scheme of regeneration formula herbal containing equal parts (in fact, this formula is a hybrid between the indigenous and traditional Chinese medicine to America):
Suma Root (Pfaffia paniculata)
Dried Ling Zhi (Reishi – Ganoderma lucidum), Maitake, and Shiitake Mushrooms
Employment tear seed (The Job's tears)
America / Canada ginseng (Panax quinquefolium)
Astragalus Root (Astragalus membranaceus)
By their nature, heating, not using Chinese Korean or Panax ginseng. Avoid warming spices like ginger, cinnamon and black pepper.
After a consolidation program to purge the heat and other signs of excess, high protein sources can add one or two years to rebuild the liver. It is very important to tone the body after or even within the same time, because during the cleaning of a large amount of qi (energy) is lost. TCM purge (cleaning) Form-based plants that are balanced point of view.
Particularly beneficial is the green microalgae spirulina or if weakness, Small amounts (1-3 ounces) of products of animal origin may be needed three or four times a week: sardines, tuna, mackerel, herring, pork liver, meat pork and beef and kidney cancer.
- Homeopathy
An experienced homeopath can prescribe a system for the treatment of alcoholism that is specially designed for you. Some of the remedies most common acute listed below.
• Arsenicum album anxiety and arbitrary, with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea
• Nux to irritability and arbitrary constipation, nausea and vomiting,
• Lachesis necessary alcohol, headache and difficulty swallowing
• Lycopodium for low self-esteem, heartburn, impotence
Acute dose is four fifty-seven pellets of 12X to 30C every one to four hours until symptoms are relieved.
– Acupuncture
Alcoholics who stop drinking often withdrawal symptoms, especially during the first week or abstain from alcohol. Insomnia, visual hallucinations and hearing, convulsions, acute anxiety, rapid pulse, sweating and fever may occur. With Over time, however, and with adequate supervision if necessary, these symptoms progress and the alcoholic is free to start work throughout recovery.
Acupuncture may help people pledged to stop drinking to reduce or eliminate withdrawal symptoms of alcohol withdrawal and reduce anxiety. The ear and / or acupuncture, the body can be used by practitioners of TCM in treating people with problems alcohol based on an individualized assessment and complete the excesses and deficiencies of the hand-Qi (life), located in various meridians. In the case of alcoholism, a qi deficiency is usually detected in the liver meridian, while the meridian of the gallbladder tends to contain excess Qi. From the perspective of TCM syndromes associated with addiction to alcohol or other substances can be defined as follows:
• stagnation of liver qi (inflammation, masses, distended abdomen and chest, stress, thyroid problems, repressed emotions, frustration, anger, impatience), which ultimately leads to the heat of the liver (red face, eyes and tongue, insomnia, headache, constipation, aggression, violence), liver wind (moving or fluctuating pain, headaches, spasms, cramps, dizziness, mania or depression) and / or deficiency of yin of liver (dry eye, low vision, night blindness, dry, brittle nails, and other general signs yin deficient).
• kidneys, adrenal glands, stress, resulting in cases of kidney yin deficiency (ringing in the ears, dry throat, dizziness, pain in lower back, leg weakness, the tongue is red, insecurity, agitation) Kidney Yang deficient (cold extremities, aversion to cold, knees and lower back pain, frequent urination, edema, enlarged Language pale, lack of will) power, and Jing deficient (poor physical or mental development, poor brain function, aging Early, impotence, dizziness, loss of teeth, hair loss). Many drug "high" consume large quantities of Jing essence.
• lack of heart the spirit of balance of mind (lack of concentration, memory loss, poor sleep, illness mental, speech problems and unrest during the detox).
• General Qi (fragility, weakness, weak voice, shallow breathing, little or no tongue coating, lack of motivation) and blood deficiency (pale lips, nails, tongue and skin, the thin, thin, dry hair, spots in the field of vision, irregular menstruation).
One of the main objectives in the work of dependency is a smooth surface, obstructing the free flow of qi throughout the body-mind so toxic than coveted. This involves removing the liver, which directs the movement of Qi in general mild. Integrated in the liver are the chemical residues that represent the life story of unresolved problems, denial, resentment and repression have been masked by alcohol?
In addition to making the acupuncture treatment, the acupuncturist May use other methods such as moxibustion, herbs, nutrition and massage therapy.
Acupuncture has demonstrated potential as effective treatment of addiction, according to studies conducted over the past two decades in China, Europe and North America. They found that Acupuncture can reduce the sensation of the alcohol and the number of admissions to detoxification centers alcohol, other studies have failed to reproduce these results. Interestingly, however, many addiction programs that offer present the report of acupuncture that people seem to "like acupuncture, and in many cases, wish to continue their drug treatment program for long periods of time when acupuncture is a treatment option. This is very important since attendance is essential for successful treatment.
Monitoring
After initial care, medical and / or health surveillance will continue for 6 to 12 months.
Recommendations
• Avoid alcohol. Total abstinence is a condition of regaining control their lives and health. You can not start drinking again and hope to retain control over it even after years of sobriety. As low as drink any beverage containing alcohol may renew the consumption model. You should choose not to drink.
• Ask for help a person well informed about this disorder. Alcoholics Anonymous has done a wonderful job for many years to help alcoholics achieve and maintain sobriety. Al-Anon is a similar group that Pro Vides support for friends and families of alcoholics. The assistance and advisory services these groups are available in almost every town and locals. Consult your local telephone directory for the group nearest you or call the association Local mental health information.
• If possible, consult a doctor nutritionally oriented doctor of medicine or traditional China to determine your specific nutritional needs.
• Go in ten days and the juice of life quick cleaning to remove toxins body quickly.
• Eat a diet rich in nutrients, while Fresh Foods, organic if possible and follow the supplement program nutritional mentioned above. Their main food should be fruits and vegetables, whole grains and vegetables.
• Avoid saturated fats and fried foods, which stress the liver. For essential fatty acids, the use of supplements of evening primrose oil and only small amounts of cold pressed oils of organic vegetables.
• Do not eat refined sugar or anything with. Alcoholics often have abnormal sugar metabolism.
• Get adequate rest, especially in the first weeks of recovery, to allow your body to clean and repair itself.
• Avoid people, places and things that are associated with drinking. To make new friends with people who do not drink. In response to a hobby, get involved in sport and exercise (including yoga, Tai Chi, Qi-Gong) or promote the view self and provide a means of producing energy.
• Whenever possible, avoid stress. The patience to cultivate, meditate, pray, which makes it necessary for the long, slow recovery.
• Do not take drugs except those prescribed by your doctor.
• If you suspect that someone may abuse alcohol, encourage the person to seek professional help.
Alcohol ANNEX 1 – "the worst for the female brain"
Pictures of the brain more than 150 volunteers revealed how women come harder and more faster than men when they drink excessively.
Scientists have long suspected that men are stronger to drink than women. The German research gives no visible sign of that. The University of Heidelberg team published their findings in Alcoholism.
In the study, approximately half of the volunteers were alcoholics. All volunteers had brain scans at the beginning and the last six weeks of the study. Those alcoholic were helped to "dry" during the six weeks.
When the researchers analyzed the results of analysis of the brain found evidence of brain damage among drinkers.
The drinkers have smaller brains, due to loss or atrophy, than controls.
Brain drain
Women who drink a lot was lost the same amount of brain volume than men to drink, but for a much shorter period of alcohol dependence.
Lead author Professor Karl Mann said although men generally drink more alcohol, women probably develop alcohol dependence and negative consequences more easily.
Alcohol related disorders such as heart problems, depression and liver disease also occurred earlier in women than men, said:
"Often, women start drinking later in life, consume less … and could explain why women are less affected by alcohol. But there is evidence a more rapid progression of events leading to dependence among female alcoholics and an earlier onset of adverse consequences alcoholism. This suggests that women may be more vulnerable to chronic alcohol consumption. "
For these reasons, said it was more important to detect and treat alcohol abuse among women.
A spokesman for the Institute of Alcohol Studies, said: "This study confirms previous findings that women have a lot of alcohol before the harm associated with men in the same level of consumption. These results are particularly on alcohol, given the growing consumption among women-United Kingdom and increased risk of alcohol dependence that goes with it. This concern suggests that the damage related to alcohol by women in the United Kingdom will increase rapidly in coming years. "
About the Author
Dan Micu, Diplomat Acupuncturist works full-time in his private practice \”Soothe – Pain and Stress Management\”, North York, Ontario, Canada with a team of Traditional Chinese Medicine practitioners.
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