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congenital heart disease symptoms in children
Congenital and pediatric heart surgery in India at low cost affordable
Congenital Pediatric Cardiac
Heart disease is present at birth are called congenital heart disease. Heart disease is a type of malformation or congenital malformation of one or more structures of the heart or blood vessels that occurs before birth.
Some of they do not require treatment because they are self-correcting, while others may require more or less reconstructive surgery of heart.
Types congenital heart disease
Congenital heart disease alters the normal flow of blood through the heart as part of the heart does not develop properly before birth.
Septal defect (ASD):
A communication septal defect (ASD) is a hole in the septum. Defects of the atrial septum is a cardiac defects most frequently observed. When blood flows a atrial septal defect is present, mainly through the hole in the left atrium into the right atrium. This maneuver increases the blood volume in the right atrium, which means that more blood flows through the lungs than usual. Untreated, the atrial septal defect may lead problems in adulthood. These problems include the May pulmonary hypertension (high blood pressure in the lungs), heart failure failure (weakened heart muscle), atrial arrhythmia rhythms (which are abnormal or heart rate) and increased risk of stroke.
Ventricular septal defect (VSD):
Septal defect (VSD) is a hole (defect) in the wall that separates the lower chambers heart. VSD is a congenital heart defect, meaning it is present at birth. In children suffering from this condition, blood flows normally through the defect of the left ventricle into the right ventricle. This causes extra blood (called volume overload) in pulmonary arteries and lungs, and atrium and left ventricle.
Atrioventricular canal defect:
Atrioventricular canal defect is a combination of several abnormalities in the heart present at birth (congenital). This defect has a hole between the chambers and cardiac problems with the valves that regulate blood flow to the heart. Atrioventricular canal Canal may also be called endocardial cushion defect or a defect the atrio-ventricular septum.
Persistence ductus arteriosus (PDA):
Ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a defect in which the blood vessel temporarily connecting the left pulmonary artery to the aorta in the fetal heart does not close after birth. In the fetal heart, blood bypasses lungs and oxygen from the placenta. But when the lungs of newborns born in the birth, the body stops producing the chemicals that keep the ductus arteriosus open and closes naturally.
Aortic stenosis:
Means a reduction the stenosis. Aortic stenosis is then a narrowing of the aortic valve or narrowing of the aorta just above (supravalvular) or below (subvalvular) valve.Normally the aorta, oxygen-rich blood is pumped from the left ventricle through the aortic valve and aorta. The aorta is the main artery that sends oxygenated blood through the body. In cases of aortic stenosis, it becomes very difficult for the heart to pump blood toward the body. Depending on the severity of the stenosis, open heart surgery may be necessary to correct the defect.
Pulmonary stenosis
:
Lung (pulmonary) stenosis is a narrowing opening the valve increases the resistance to pulmonary blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery. It is often present at birth (congenital) and therefore affects children.
Pulmonary stenosis, which is rare in adults, usually due to a congenital anomaly. When Severe stenosis is usually diagnosed in childhood, where it produces a sound heart murmur. Occasionally pulmonary stenosis May cause severe heart failure in children, but often no symptoms in adulthood. Symptoms include chest pain (angina pectoris), shortness of breath and fainting.
Ebstein anomaly
The anomaly Ebstein anomaly is in the tricuspid valve. The tricuspid valve separates the right atrium (the chamber that receives blood from the body) from the right ventricle (the chamber that pumps blood to the lungs).
In Ebstein's anomaly, two leaflets of the tricuspid valve and moves down into the pumping chamber and the third leaflet is elongated and can be attached to the chamber wall. These abnormalities cause of the tricuspid valve in the blood to flow back into the right atrium when the right ventricle contracts and, therefore, the right atrium and enlarged. In severe cases of congestive heart failure may result.
Coartication of the aorta:
Aortic coarctation is a narrowing of the aorta (main artery leading from the heart). This is a type of congenital malformation. Coarctation means narrowing.
Coarctation of the aorta is located in the narrowing of the aortic lumen the results of the hypertension of the upper limbs, left ventricular hypertrophy, and malperfusion of the abdominal organs and extremities below. Symptoms vary depending on the severity of abnormality, ranging from headaches, chest pain, cold extremities, fatigue, claudication leg and acute heart failure and shock. A soft whisper can be heard on the site of coarctation. Diagnosis is by ultrasound or CT or angio-MR. Treatment includes balloon angioplasty with stenting, or surgical correction. .
Etralogy T Fallot
Tetralogy of Fallot is The most common heart disease in children. This condition causes the mixture of low oxygen with oxygen-rich blood is pumped by the heart and circulatory system of blood vessels.
The blood leaving the heart less oxygen is required by the body's organs and tissues, a condition called hypoxemia. Chronic (ongoing, long term) the lack of oxygen causes cyanosis, a bluish skin, lips and membranes in the mouth and nose.
Tricuspid atresia:
Tricuspid atresia is a type of congenital heart disease in which the tricuspid heart valve is missing or abnormal development. The defect blocks blood flow to the atrium right at the right ventricle. The tricuspid valve, normally located between the atrium and right ventricle do not develop properly during pregnancy.
Signs and symptoms of tricuspid atresia, depend on the presence and size of ventricular septal defect, and the relationship of major arteries. More commonly, normally related great arteries, and no ventricular septal defect or not, or only a small ventricular septal.
Pulmonary atresia:
Pulmonary atresia is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly that usually with other malformations such as VSD, tricuspid atresia, or complete transposition of great vessels.
Pulmonary atresia is the failure to develop pulmonary valve with normal development of the cavity right ventricle. Pulmonary atresia is the fact that the development of the main pulmonary artery, pulmonary valve or the ventricular cavity right. Normal traffic law's heart is not possible. Movement depends on the permeability of the foramen ovale or ASD and PDA.
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome:
It is a congenital heart defect in which it is being developed left heart (left ventricle of the aortic valve and aorta). This is one of the congenital heart defects requiring more serious attention almost immediately born. In this abnormal blood goes to the left heart and thus suffer all the systemic circulation. Life does not persist in some connection between the right and left through a patent ductus arteriosus or atrial septal defect. Spontaneous closure of the sheath special bond leads to severe circulatory shame and death of the child.
Transposition of great vessels:
The transposition of the great arteries is a congenital heart defect in which the 2 major vessels that carry blood from the heart – the aorta and pulmonary artery – are modified (adapted).
The heart is formed during the first 8 weeks of development fetal. The problem occurs in the middle of these weeks, when the aorta and pulmonary artery are attached to the device incorrectly.
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC):
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is a rare congenital anomaly which represents about 2% of all congenital heart defects. TAPVC is a set of abnormalities in the pulmonary veins are directly related to the systemic venous circulation by splanchnic persistent connections. This leads to anomalies of the transfer in the normal development of pulmonary splanchnic venous plexus in the left atrium.
Truncus arteriosus:
The artery is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly in which an opening is always present between the two ventricles (septum ventricular), and trunk of the arteries, called the truncus arteriosus is still undivided.
Symptoms associated with truncus arteriosus usually occur within the first week of life. When a baby is born, there is a greater degree of pulmonary resistance, which means that harder to pump blood to the lungs, which were not used in utero. However, during the first week of life the child breathes lung resistance decreases gradually, the change of pressure gradient in the heart output. Today, doctors are more likely to recommend surgery in the first week of life, or as soon as possible.
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